未来与发展

在加快发展新质生产力的战略背景下，人工智能作为新一轮科技革命的核心驱动力，对培育和发展新质生产力具有重要赋能作用。本文按照理论逻辑、作用机制、现实困境、优化路径的研究思路，首先剖析人工智能新质生产力的多元理论逻辑，从马克思主义生产力理论、创新驱动理论、经济增长理论与系统科学理论视角阐释人工智能嵌入生产力系统、推动技术跃迁、重构生产要素与实现协同演进的内在机理；其次揭示人工智能通过创新引领、要素重构与结构优化三大机制推动新质生产力实现系统化跃升的具体路径；再次分析当前人工智能赋能新质生产力的过程中，在基础支撑体系、治理伦理规范、人才供给结构与产业融合应用方面面临的突出困境；最后结合“十五五”规划相关战略部署，从战略布局、技术攻关、伦理治理与人才培养五个维度提出摆脱困境与强化赋能效应的优化路径，为推动新质生产力高质量发展以及构筑国家竞争新优势提供理论支撑与实践指引。

Against the strategic background of accelerating the development of new-quality productivity, artificial intelligence, as the core driving force of the new round of technological revolution, plays an important enabling role in cultivating and developing new-quality productivity. Following the research idea of theoretical logic, mechanism of action, practical dilemmas, and optimization paths, this paper first analyzes the multiple theoretical logics of artificial intelligence empowering new-quality productivity. From the perspectives of Marxist productive forces theory, innovation-driven theory, economic growth theory, and system science theory, it explains the internal mechanism of artificial intelligence embedding into the productive forces system, promoting technological leapfrog, reconstructing production factors, and realizing coordinated evolution. Secondly, reveals the specific paths through which artificial intelligence promotes the systematic leapfrog of new-quality productivity through three mechanisms: innovation leadership, factor reconstruction, and structural optimization. Thirdly, analyzes the prominent dilemmas faced in the process of artificial intelligence empowering new-quality productivity, including the inadequate basic support system, imperfect governance and ethical norms, unbalanced talent supply structure, and limited industrial integration and application. Finally, combined with the relevant strategic arrangements of the 15th Five-Year Plan, proposes optimization paths to get rid of the dilemmas and strengthen the enabling effect from five dimensions: strategic layout, technological breakthroughs, ethical governance, and talent training, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting the high-quality development of new-quality productivity and building new national competitive advantages.