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太阳能是人类取之不尽，用之不绝的可再生能源。近百年来，科学家从材料、结构、工艺和技术上，聚焦太阳能光电转换效率（Photon-to-electron Conversion Efficiency,PCE）的提升；而产业的工程技术人员和企业家则从成本、规模、利润和可靠性上关注太阳能组件量产后的光电转换效率的稳定性；光伏组件在不同应用场景中如何实现光电转换效率最大化是实践应用探索的重点。文章一方面对太阳能光电转换技术和发展脉络进行理论研究；另一方面，通过一组光伏实验电站的数据，揭示太阳能光电转换在四季变换中、不同应用场景下的技术特征和光电转换特点。
Abstract：Solar energy is an inexhaustible and renewable resource for humanity. Over the past century, scientists have focused on improving the photovoltaic conversion efficiency(Photon-to-electron Conversion Efficiency, abbreviated as PCE) from the perspectives of materials, structure, process and technology. Meanwhile, engineers and entrepreneurs in the industry have concentrated on the stability of PCE in mass-produced solar components, considering factors such as cost,scale, profit and reliability. The key point in practical application exploration is how to maximize PCE in various application scenarios of photovoltaic components. This paper conducts theoretical research on solar photovoltaic conversion technology and its development trajectory and through data from a set of photovoltaic experimental power stations, reveals the technical characteristics and photovoltaic conversion features under different seasonal changes and application scenarios.
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①太阳能光电转换效率的评价标准。 国内外在成熟的国家标准和行业标准， 国际上广泛采用的标准有 IEC61215、IEC 61730 等，国内主要依据 GB/T 6495.1 和 GB/T 6495.4 等标准进行检测。 具体检测条件：光强为 1000W/m2（模拟太阳辐照度）；光谱为 AM1.5（大气质量为 1.5的太阳光谱）；温度为 25℃（组件表面温度）；光照角度为垂直入射（0°），即光线与组件表面法线方向一致。
②光伏实验电站的数据。 数据主要源于浙江工业大学金华创新联合研究院碳中和实验室的 15 组光伏发电模块，每组有 6 块光伏组件，组件为“东方日升 TOPCon”型号，尺寸：2278mm×1134mm×30mm，面积 2.583 m2，量产光电转换效率为 22.2%。 本文数据是选取一年四季 12个月中天气晴朗条件下的发电量数据 （阴雨或多云都会影响数据分析的典型性），取平均值形成量化分析数据。
基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:TK51
引用信息:
[1]苗阳,李泽阳,鲍健强,等.太阳能光电转换效率(PCE)的理论研究与实践探索[J].未来与发展,2025,49(09):31-36+30.
基金信息:
2024年度国家社会科学基金项目(24BZZ036)