未来与发展

生成式人工智能以极强推理能力、语言表达能力和开源路线等技术特质，引发了教育领域的深度变革，展现了教育数字化转型的未来图景。本文首先分析生成式人工智能赋能教育系统性变革的全新机遇，主要表现为助推教学范式演进、驱动个性化学习呈现以及创新教学决策支持。然后识别生成式人工智能在教育领域中应用的风险，包括主体性消解、数据安全及产权纠纷、学生思维惰化以及大模型幻觉等风险。鉴于此，从人机共在重塑主体性地位、制度化构建落实责任监管、智能学习干预优化个性化供给以及垂直领域教育大模型“以技制技”等方面，提出生成式人工智能在教育领域应用中的风险应对，对加快推进教育领域变革，实现新时代教育强国建设规划目标具有重要作用。

Generative AI, with its formidable reasoning capabilities, linguistic expression, and open-source approach, is driving profound transformations in education and unveiling the future landscape of digital educational transformation. This paper first analyzes the unprecedented opportunities for systemic educational transformation enabled by generative AI, primarily manifested in advancing teaching paradigms, driving personalized learning delivery, and innovating instructional decision support. Then, identifies risks associated with generative AI applications in education, including subjectivity erosion, data security and intellectual property disputes, student cognitive inertia, and large model hallucinations. In light of these considerations, proposes risk mitigation strategies for AI applications in education, including reestablishing human agency through human-machine coexistence; institutionalizing responsibility oversight through regulatory frameworks;optimizing personalized learning through intelligent intervention;employing domain-specific educational large models to “counter technology with technology”. These approaches are crucial for accelerating educational transformation and advancing the strategic goals of building a leading education power in the new era.